4 Critical Threats

>>> Research Division

Research
Intelligence

Protocol-level vulnerability analysis across 3GPP signaling stacks, core network interfaces, and radio access layers. Every vector catalogued. Field research reproduced.

11Protocols
43Attack Vectors
6Reproductions
3GPP · GSMA · RFCCoverage
4Critical
6High
Protocol Threat Matrix11 of 11
SIG-GSMCRITICAL

GSM Air Interface

2G

Um air interface — IMSI catchers, A5/0 cipher downgrade, COMP128v1 SIM cloning, unauthenticated backhaul.

UmA5IMSIA-bis
6vectors
SIG-SS7CRITICAL

SS7 / MAP

2G · 3G

Legacy TDM signaling — cell-level geolocation, call interception, SMS hijack via unauthenticated MAP operations.

MAPSCCPMTP3SRI-SM
5vectors
SIG-CAMHIGH

CAMEL / CAP

2G · 3G

Intelligent Network control — prepaid billing bypass, call redirect, VLR manipulation via CAP state manipulation.

CAPgsmSCFINCamelPhase4
4vectors
SIG-DIACRITICAL

Diameter

4G · IMS

S6a/Cx/Gx interfaces — auth vector theft, subscriber tracking, QoS manipulation, HSS subscriber profile extraction.

S6aAVPHSSMME
4vectors
SIG-SIPHIGH

SIP / VoLTE

4G · VoLTE

VoLTE signaling — REGISTER hijacking, SDP media redirect, INVITE flood amplification, CLI spoofing.

REGISTERP-CSCFIMS-AKASDP
4vectors
SIG-GTPCRITICAL

GTP-C / GTP-U

3G · 4G · 5G

GPRS Tunneling Protocol — Create Session spoofing, TEID injection, IMSI enumeration, data plane hijacking.

TEIDSGWUPFS11/S5
4vectors
SIG-STRHIGH

SIGTRAN / SCTP

3G · 4G

SS7-over-IP transport — ASP registration abuse, OPC spoofing, SCTP ABORT flooding, multi-homing disruption.

M3UASCTPSGPASP
4vectors
ARCH-EPCHIGH

4G EPC Core

4G LTE

MME, SGW, PGW architecture — S1-AP abuse, bearer session hijacking, tracking area update spoofing.

MMES-GWP-GWS1-AP
3vectors
ARCH-IMSHIGH

IMS Core

4G · VoLTE

HSS, P/I/S-CSCF architecture — VoLTE interception, registration storms, emergency service bypass.

CSCFHSSCxDiameter
3vectors
ARCH-5GCHIGH

5G SBA

5G NR

Service-Based Architecture — NF service spoofing, network slicing bypass, SBI HTTP/2 JSON injection, NRF poison.

AMFSMFNRFHTTP/2
4vectors
ARCH-RANMEDIUM

RAN Architecture

4G · 5G

Radio Access Network — X2/Xn handover manipulation, F1-AP exposure, NGAP attacks, rogue gNodeB broadcast.

gNBCU/DUNGAPO-RAN
2vectors

Featured Field Reproductions

Independent validation and lab harness reproduction of premier telecom security research

View all 6 investigations